diff --git a/includes/herbe.hpp b/includes/herbe.hpp
index 6358895..784b743 100644
--- a/includes/herbe.hpp
+++ b/includes/herbe.hpp
@@ -4,10 +4,15 @@
 #include "organisme.hpp"
 
 class Herbe: public Organisme {
+    const char _m_lettre = ' ';
+
     public:
         // ID de l'univers, index dans l'univers
         Herbe(const int, const int);
 
+        // ID de l'univers
+        Herbe(const int);
+
         // Renvoie faux
         bool animal(void) const noexcept;
 };
diff --git a/includes/loup.hpp b/includes/loup.hpp
index cccee22..8f1d72f 100644
--- a/includes/loup.hpp
+++ b/includes/loup.hpp
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #include "animal.hpp"
 
 class Loup: public Animal {
+    const char _m_lettre = 'L';
+
     int generationVitesse(void) const noexcept;
 
     public:
diff --git a/includes/mouton.hpp b/includes/mouton.hpp
index 15ef276..e812ed0 100644
--- a/includes/mouton.hpp
+++ b/includes/mouton.hpp
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #include "animal.hpp"
 
 class Mouton: public Animal {
+    const char _m_lettre = 'M';
+
     int generationVitesse(void) const noexcept;
 
     public:
diff --git a/includes/organisme.hpp b/includes/organisme.hpp
index bfebc6b..7a051c8 100644
--- a/includes/organisme.hpp
+++ b/includes/organisme.hpp
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ class Organisme {
         // ID de l'Univers, index dans l'univers
         Organisme(const int, const int);
 
+        // ID de l'Univers (index aléatoire)
+        Organisme(const int);
+
         virtual ~Organisme(void);
 
         // Renvoie la lettre correspondant à l'ID
diff --git a/includes/sel.hpp b/includes/sel.hpp
index 2183cfb..ba89695 100644
--- a/includes/sel.hpp
+++ b/includes/sel.hpp
@@ -4,10 +4,15 @@
 #include "organisme.hpp"
 
 class Sel: public Organisme {
+    const char _m_lettre = '-';
+
     public:
         // ID de l'univers, index dans l'univers
         Sel(const int, const int);
 
+        // ID de l'univers
+        Sel(const int);
+
         // Renvoie faux
         bool animal(void) const noexcept;
 };
diff --git a/src/animal.cpp b/src/animal.cpp
index a3c7c9a..c8a4965 100644
--- a/src/animal.cpp
+++ b/src/animal.cpp
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 #include "../includes/animal.hpp"
 
-Animal::Animal(const int univers_ID, const int age_max, const int age, const int vitesse): Organisme(univers_ID, recuperationIndexLibre(univers_ID)), // position aléatoire
-                                                                                           m_vitesse(vitesse),                                        // par des coordonées
-                                                                                           m_age_max(age_max),                                        // d'un index de
-                                                                                           m_age(age) { }                                             // indexLibres (listeUnivers[ID].first)
-
 Animal::Animal(const int univers_ID, const int index, const int age_max, const int age, const int vitesse): Organisme(univers_ID, index),
                                                                                                             m_vitesse(vitesse),
                                                                                                             m_age_max(age_max),
                                                                                                             m_age(age) { }
 
+Animal::Animal(const int univers_ID, const int age_max, const int age, const int vitesse): Organisme(univers_ID),
+                                                                                           m_vitesse(vitesse),
+                                                                                           m_age_max(age_max),
+                                                                                           m_age(age) { }
+
 Animal::~Animal(void) { }
 
 bool Animal::animal(void) const noexcept {
diff --git a/src/herbe.cpp b/src/herbe.cpp
index 33f2151..4c58324 100644
--- a/src/herbe.cpp
+++ b/src/herbe.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 #include "../includes/herbe.hpp"
 
 Herbe::Herbe(const int univers_ID, const int index): Organisme(univers_ID, index) {
-    m_correspondance[ID] = ' ';
+    m_correspondance[ID] = _m_lettre;
+}
+
+Herbe::Herbe(const int univers_ID): Organisme(univers_ID) {
+    m_correspondance[ID] = _m_lettre;
 }
 
 bool Herbe::animal(void) const noexcept {
diff --git a/src/loup.cpp b/src/loup.cpp
index 7c0fd46..6451c6b 100644
--- a/src/loup.cpp
+++ b/src/loup.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #include "../includes/loup.hpp"
 
 Loup::Loup(const int univers_ID): Animal(univers_ID, 60, 0, Loup::generationVitesse()) {
-    m_correspondance[ID] = 'L';
+    m_correspondance[ID] = _m_lettre;
 }
 
 Loup::Loup(const int univers_ID, const int index): Animal(univers_ID, index, 60, 0, Loup::generationVitesse()) {
-    m_correspondance[ID] = 'L';
+    m_correspondance[ID] = _m_lettre;
 }
 
 Loup::~Loup(void) { }
diff --git a/src/mouton.cpp b/src/mouton.cpp
index 5312a96..d51f0c3 100644
--- a/src/mouton.cpp
+++ b/src/mouton.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #include "../includes/mouton.hpp"
 
 Mouton::Mouton(const int univers_ID): Animal(univers_ID, 50, 0, Mouton::generationVitesse()) {
-    m_correspondance[ID] = 'M';
+    m_correspondance[ID] = _m_lettre;
 }
 
 Mouton::Mouton(const int univers_ID, const int index): Animal(univers_ID, index, 50, 0, Mouton::generationVitesse()) {
-    m_correspondance[ID] = 'M';
+    m_correspondance[ID] = _m_lettre;
 }
 
 int Mouton::generationVitesse(void) const noexcept {
diff --git a/src/organisme.cpp b/src/organisme.cpp
index d9eb4d5..1602cf9 100644
--- a/src/organisme.cpp
+++ b/src/organisme.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "../includes/univers.hpp"
 #include "../includes/organisme.hpp"
 
-Organisme::Organisme(const int universID_p, const int index_p): m_univers_ID(universID_p), m_index(index_p), ID(m_total_ID + 1) {
+Organisme::Organisme(const int univers_ID, const int index): m_univers_ID(univers_ID), m_index(index), ID(m_total_ID + 1) {
     if(Univers::m_liste_univers[m_univers_ID].first.size() == 0) { // si il n'y a plus d'index de libres
         throw std::domain_error("Trop d'organismes pour l'univers.");
     }
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ Organisme::Organisme(const int universID_p, const int index_p): m_univers_ID(uni
     Univers::m_liste_univers[m_univers_ID].second.push_back(this);
 }
 
+Organisme::Organisme(const int univers_ID): Organisme(univers_ID, recuperationIndexLibre(univers_ID)) {}
+
 Organisme::~Organisme(void) {
     // TODO: rendre son ancienne position de nouveau disponible, re-shuffle après ajout ?
 }
diff --git a/src/sel.cpp b/src/sel.cpp
index d9161c2..67660c8 100644
--- a/src/sel.cpp
+++ b/src/sel.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 #include "../includes/sel.hpp"
 
 Sel::Sel(const int univers_ID, const int index): Organisme(univers_ID, index) {
-    m_correspondance[ID] = '-';
+    m_correspondance[ID] = _m_lettre;
+}
+
+Sel::Sel(const int univers_ID): Organisme(univers_ID) {
+    m_correspondance[ID] = _m_lettre;
 }
 
 bool Sel::animal(void) const noexcept {
diff --git a/src/univers.cpp b/src/univers.cpp
index 01862e7..8ef0e60 100644
--- a/src/univers.cpp
+++ b/src/univers.cpp
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ Univers::Univers(const int longueur, const int largeur): m_longueur(longueur),
 
     // Remplie quelques valeurs du tableau avec de l'herbe
     while(m_liste_univers[ID].first.size() > static_cast<uint64_t>(m_taille_univers - m_taille_univers / 2)) { // cast static grâce à "-Wold-style-cast" et "-Wsign-conversion" (syntaxe C++)
-        new Herbe(ID, m_liste_univers[ID].first.back());
-        m_liste_univers[ID].first.pop_back();
+        new Herbe(ID);
     }
 
     // On stocke les dimensions pour chaque univers dans une map